Magazine

July-August 2026

Current Issue

July-August 2026

Volume: 114 Number: 4

Scientific research, from vaccines to oceanography to space exploration, has flourished in the United States since its Declaration of Independence 250 years ago. However, science is not immune to misinformation, commercial agendas, or conflicting priorities. To oppose the distorting effects of such influences, democratic and scientific principles must continue to guide evidence-based research and decision-making. (Cover illustration by Clare Nicholas.)

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Hallmarks of Consciousness

Alexander Mugar Klein

Biology History of STEM

Since the 19th century, philosophers and scientists have failed to agree on reliable markers of sentience.