FEATURE ARTICLE
The Design and Function of Cochlear Implants
Fusing medicine, neural science and engineering, these devices transform human speech into an electrical code that deafened ears can understand
Michael Dorman, Blake Wilson
Imagining Beethoven Today

We wonder how Beethoven might feel if he were alive today and had
received a cochlear implant. We expect he would understand speech
well enough to "relax in human society" and engage in
"refined conversations" and "mutual
confidences." He would avoid the isolation that caused his
despair. The sound of his art, however, would certainly fail to
bring him joy. We will need many more years of hard work and good
luck to make this time–travel story end with an idyllic, or,
if you like, a pastoral tune.
Bibliography
- Dorman, M. F., P. C. Loizou and D. Rainey. 1997. Speech intelligibility as a function of the number of channels of stimulation for signal processors using sine?wave and noise?band outputs. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102:2403–2411. [CrossRef]
- Lee, D. S., J. S. Lee, S. H. Oh, S. K. Kim, J. W. Kim, J. K. Chung, M. C. Lee and C. S. Kim. 2001. Cross?modal plasticity and cochlear implants. Nature 409:149–150. [CrossRef]
- Miyamoto, R. T., D. M. Houston, K. I. Kirk, A. E. Perdew and M. A. Svirsky. 2003. Language development in deaf infants following cochlear implantation. Acta Otolaryngologica 123:241–244.
- Sharma, A., M. F. Dorman and A. J. Spahr. 2002. Rapid development of cortical auditory evoked potentials after early cochlear implantation. Neuroreport 13:1365–1368.
- Shinohara, T., G. Bredberg, M. Ulfendahl, I. Pyykko, N. P. Olivius, R. Kaksonen, B. Lindstrom, R. Altschuler and J. M. Miller. 2002. Neurotrophic factor intervention restores auditory function in deafened animals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the U. S. A. 99:1657–1660.
- von Ilberg, C., J. Kiefer, J. Tillein, T. Pfenningdorff, R. Hartmann, E. Sturzebecher and R. Klinke. 1999. Electric?acoustic stimulation of the auditory system: New technology for severe hearing loss. ORL: Journal for Oto?Rhino?Laryngology and Its Related Specialties 61:334–340.
- Wang, J., T. R. Van De Water, C. Bonny, F. de Ribaupierre, J. L. Puel and A. Zine. 2003. A peptide inhibitor of c?Jun N?terminal kinase protects against both aminoglycoside and acoustic trauma?induced auditory hair cell death and hearing loss. Journal of Neuroscience 23:8596–8607.
- Wilson, B. S. 2004. Engineering design of cochlear implants. In Auditory Prostheses: Cochlear Implants and Electric Hearing, ed. F.?G. Zeng, A. N. Popper and R. R. Fay. New York: Springer?Verlag.
- Wilson, B. S., C. C. Finley, D. T. Lawson, R. D. Wolford, D. K. Eddington and W. M. Rabinowitz. 1991. Better speech recognition with cochlear implants. Nature 352:236–238. [CrossRef]
- Zue, V. 1985. The use of speech knowledge in speech recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE 73:1602–1615.
» Post Comment