FEATURE ARTICLE
Pathogens, Host-Cell Invasion and Disease
Invading pathogens can co-opt even the cells of the immune system. New anti-infective drugs may arise from an understanding of this chemical warfare
Erich Gulbins, Florian Lang
Acknowledgments
The authors are indebted to their collaborators Heike Grassmé, Stephan Huber and Verena Jendrossek for sharing their skills and wisdom.
Bibliography
- Breithaupt, H. 1999. The new antibiotics. Nature Biotechnology 17:1165–1169 [CrossRef]
- Cornelis, G. R. 2000. Molecular and cell biology aspects of plague. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97:8778–8783. [CrossRef]
- Cossart, P., and H. Bierne. 2001. The use of host cell machinery in the pathogenesis of Listeria monocytogenes. Current Opinion in Immunology 13:96–103. [CrossRef]
- Desai, S. A., S. M. Bezrukov and J. Zimmerberg. 2000. A voltage-dependent channel involved in nutrient uptake by red blood cells infected with the malaria parasite. Nature 406:1001–1005. [CrossRef]
- Esen, M., H. Grassm, J. Riethmller, A. Riehle, K. Fassbender and E. Gulbins. 2001. Invasion of human epithelial cells by Pseudomonas aeruginosa involves Src-like tyrosine kinases p60Src and p59Fyn. Infection and Immunity 69:281–287. [CrossRef]
- Finlay, B. B., and P. Cossart. 1997. Exploitation of mammalian host cell functions by bacterial pathogens. Science 276:718–725 [CrossRef]
- Galan, J. E., and A. Collmer. 1999. Type III secretion machines: Bacterial devices for protein delivery into host cells. Science 284:1322–1328
- Grassm, H., E. Gulbins, K. Brenner, K. Ferlinz, K. Sandhoff, K. Harzer, F. Lang and T. F. Meyer. 1997. Acidic sphingomyelinase mediates internalization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae into non-phagocytic cells. Cell 91:605–615
- Grassm, H., S. Kirschnek, J. Riethmueller, A. Riehle, G. von Krthy, F. Lang, M. Weller and E. Gulbins. 2000. CD95/CD95 ligand interactions on epithelial cells in host defense to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Science 290:527–530. [CrossRef]
- Haas, A. 1998. Reprogramming the phagocytic pathway?intracellular pathogens and their vacuoles. Molecular Membrane Biology 15:103–121.
- Humphreys B. D., J. Rice, S. B. Kertesy and G. R. Dubyak. 2000. Stress-activated protein kinase/JNK induction by the macrophage P2x7 nucleotide receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275:26792–26798.
- Kirk, K. 2001. Membrane transport in the Malaria-infected erythrocyte. Physiological Review 81:495–538.
- Merresse, S., O. Steele-Mortimer, E. Moreno, M. Desjarding, B. B. Finlay and J. P. Gorvel. 1999. Controlling the maturation of pathogen-containing vacuoles: a matter of life and death. Nature Cell Biology 1:E183–E188.
- Payne, C. M., C. Bernstein and H. Bernstein. 1995. Apoptosis overview emphasizing the role of oxidative stress, DNA damage and signal-transduction pathways. Leukemia & Lymphoma 9:43–93.
- Pier, G. B., M. Grout and T. S. Zaidi. 1997. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is an epithelial cell receptor for clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from the lung. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 94:12088–12093.
- Rudel, T., R. Schmid, H. Benz, A. Kolb, F. Lang and T. F. Meyer. 1996. Modulation of Neisseria porin (PorB) by cytosolic ATP/GTP of target cell: parallels between pathogen accommodation and mitochondrial endosymbiosis. Cell 85:391–402.
- Sansonetti, P. J. 2001. Microbes and microbial toxins: paradigms for microbial-mucosal interactions III. Shigellosis: from symptoms to molecular pathogenesis. American Journal of Physiology 280:G319–323.
- Sturgill-Koszycki, S., and M. S. Swanson. 2000. Legionella pneumophila replication vacuoles mature into acidic, endocytic organelles. Journal of Experimental Medicine 192:1261–2172.
