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HOME > PAST ISSUE > May-June 2001 > Article Detail

FEATURE ARTICLE

Preserving Salmon Biodiversity

The number of Pacific salmon has declined dramatically. But the loss of genetic diversity may be a bigger problem

Phillip Levin, Michael Schiewe

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Michael Ford, Robin Waples, John Williams and Peter Kareiva for their aid with this article.

Bibliography

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  • Caro, T. M., and M. K. Laurenson. 1994. Ecological and genetic factors in conservation: A cautionary tale. Science 263:485–486.
  • Gould, S. J., and R. C. Lewontin. 1979. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 205:581–598.
  • Hendry, A. P., J. K. Wenburg, P. Bentzen, E. C. Volk and T. P. Quinn. 2000. Rapid evolution of reproductive isolation in the wild: Evidence from introduced salmon. Science 290:516–518. [CrossRef]
  • Hensleigh, J. W., and A. P. Hendry. 1998. Rheotactic response of fry from beach-spawning populations of sockeye salmon: Evolution after selection is relaxed. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 76:2186–2193.
  • Hilborn, R., J. Maguire, A. M. Parma and A. A. Rosenberg. 2001. The precautionary approach and risk management: Can they increase the probability of successes in fishery management? Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 58:99–107. [CrossRef]
  • Labelle, M., C. J. Walters and B. Riddell. 1997. Ocean survival and exploitation of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) stocks from the east coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54:1433–1449. [CrossRef]
  • Leider, S. A. 1989. Increasing straying by adult steelhead trout, Salmo gairdneri, following the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. Environmental Biology of Fishes 24:219–229.
  • Lichatowich, J. 1999. Salmon Without Rivers: A History of the Pacific Salmon Crisis. Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
  • National Research Council. 1996. Upstream: Salmon and Society in the Pacific Northwest. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
  • Quinn, T. P. 1993. A review of homing and straying of wild and hatchery-produced salmon. Fisheries Research 18:29–44.
  • Reisenbichler, R. R., and S. P. Rubin. 1999. Genetic changes from artificial propagation of Pacific salmon affect the productivity and viability of supplemented populations. ICES Journal of Marine Science 56:459–466. [CrossRef]
  • Waples, R. S. 1991. Pacific Salmon, Oncorhynchus spp., and the definition of "species" under the Endangered Species Act. Marine Fisheries Review. 53:11–20.




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